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Early DDoS Attack Detection Using Lightweight Deep Neural Network

In the digital age, e-commerce platforms are critical components of the global economy, facilitating seamless transactions and interactions between businesses and consumers. The digital infrastructure of these institutions is frequently attacked, either to hack or disrupt online services, leading to significant financial losses and damage to reputation. The most famous of these attacks are DDoS attacks, which lead to an increase in the volume of traffic to the platform's website beyond the capacity of the servers, thus causing the platform to respond slowly and crash and customers to be unable to access it. The increase in these attacks causes significant material damage to institutions, whether in the loss of revenues or the cost of responding to attacks. This work presents a robust DDoS attacks early detection model that can be adopted on e-commerce platforms using a lightweight one-dimension Convolutional neural network. The proposed model leverages the efficiency of deep learning with the lightweight architecture to analyze network traffic in real time, identifying patterns indicative of an impending DDoS attack. The balance between high detection accuracy with computational efficiency makes it suitable for real-time implementation in diverse e-commerce environments. DNN is trained on a comprehensive dataset of network traffic, encompassing both normal and attack scenarios, to ensure it can distinguish between legitimate traffic spikes and malicious activity. DDoS Evaluation Dataset CIC-DDoS2019 and CICIDS2017 are used in the experimental and accuracy achieved 0.98 and 0.99 in these two datasets respectively.

groups
Ahmed F. Almukhtar mail -
Noor D. AL-Shakarchy mail -
Mais Saad Safoq mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.190228

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 19 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Smart Accıdent Detectıon using IoT Technology

Road accidents and emergency services delay are the main significant issues. To overcome these issues need to develop a system. Efficient handling of accidents through the immediate detection and provide timely aid are more crucial. Accident detection and emergency system depends on IoT (Internet of things) with minimum delay are gaining significant attention towards industry and academic literature. Several researches are investigated using IOT technology to detect accidents. In this work, we proposed an effective accident detection method by employing five sensors not only to detect accident but also to report type of accident such as collision, no accident, roll over or fall off. In addition to that, the status of the accident is communicated to the IBM Watson Cloud platform. The incoming data received in the node red platform is integrated with the Google Maps to show location and other information about the accident that can be accessed by the hospital through website and sending alert messages to victim acquaintances. In addition, two Machine Learning (ML) models based on K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model and the Naïve Bayes (NB) model are compared to find out the best accident detection model. It is noticed that the KNN model is the very effective ML model, which employed to know the accident status and to enhance the system by providing patient’s details, a kill switch and sending messages often until acknowledgement is received.

groups
Sindhuja M. mail -
Vijay Murugan S. mail -
Elarmathi S. mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCHCI.090104

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Joint PAPR and Spectrum Sensıng in CRNS: A VLSI-Based Approach for Secondary User Integration

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) reduction is crucial for mitigating distortion in signals while optimizing spectral efficiency. This work offers a novel strategy for effectively reducing that PAPR in CRN systems, especially when secondary users are incorporated, by utilizing VLSI (Very-Large-Scale Integration) design approaches. The proposed strategy investigates VLSI methods for PAPR reduction, such as Partial-Transmit-Sequence (PTS) techniques. The system is appropriate for CRN applications because it can accomplish real-time PAPR reduction while preserving low power consumption and compact size by implementing these approaches in VLSI hardware. This could entail particular strategies for controlling PAPR with secondary users, such as joint PAPR and spectrum sensing approaches, dynamic power allocation, or user scheduling algorithms. Utilizing the predetermined values of pilot tones, the suggested decoder investigates every possible combination of weighting variables to determine which combination the transmitter has chosen and employed. There appears to be no data rate loss with the proposed decoder since it does not require any more pilot tones. This study next gives a digital execution of the described PTS decoder and illustrates its low power qualities, as well as the design and the encoder required at the transmitter to operate the suggested system is being developed using VLSI. The suggested architecture makes it easier for SUs to integrate with CRNs seamlessly. It allows SUs to effectively take advantage of available spectrum opportunities while complying with CRN restrictions and reducing interference with primary users by tackling PAPR and spectrum sensing concurrently. Furthermore, the study discusses the difficulties of incorporating secondary users into CRNs while retaining PAPR management.

groups
P. Shanmuga Sundaram mail -
M. Vasanthi mail -
P. Sangeetha mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCHCI.090105

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Enhanced Malware Classification: A Hybrid Model Utilizing Denoising Autoencoder and CNN based on visualization method

In the last few years, technology has developed so rapidly that many malware applications are available in the software market. Cybercrimes are increasing day by day with the usage of malware applications. Traditional approaches are not as effective in detecting malware. This study introduces a novel method for distinguishing malware from benign software applications using deep learning models like Denoising Autoencoder and Convolutional Neural Network. Initially, we extract binary code from the applications and transform it into grayscale images. Then, utilizing a denoising autoencoder, we improve the quality of the grayscale images by eliminating noise, and the Convolutional Neural Network uses processed images as input. Finally, the Convolutional Neural Network is employed to differentiate between malicious and benign applications. We test this methodology on the dataset that contains 10,810 malware and 1082 benign files. The suggested model obtains an accuracy of 97% and an F1-score of 96% and performs better than some traditional methods.

groups
Thippireddy Harika mail -
Gera Pradeepini mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JCIM.160117

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 16 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Analyzing the local Lindelöf proper function and the local proper function of deep learning in bitopological spaces

It is essential to create new mathematical strategies to deal with everyday problems since they require a lot of data and ambiguity. The best tool for doing this is proper functions, which are the most common mathematical technique. In order to generate suitable functions, we investigate several set operators. A connection between symmetry and certain types of proper functions and their classical topologies can be made. As a result of this symmetry, we can examine the traits and behaviors of traditional topological notions through settings, and vice versa. We describe a new class of proper functions in this paper and launch a preliminary investigation into them. These functions are referred to as pairwise local proper functions and pairwise local Lindel¨of proper functions in bitopological spaces. In general topology, we also establish the connection between this new class of proper functions and other classes of generalized functions already in existence. Regarding the new ideas, a number of relationships, necessary and sufficient conditions, examples and counter-examples are provided. In addition, a different argument for the pairwise regularity of a pairwise Hausdorff and pairwise locally compact bitopological space is presented. As part of this research, we also look at the images and inverse images of specific bitopological features under these functions. A few product theorems pertaining to these concepts were finally discovered.

groups
Ali A. Atoom mail -
Hamza Qoqazeh mail -
Eman Hussein mail -
Anas Owledat mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.260223

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 26 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Sensor-Based Spatio-Temporal Human Activity Recognition: A Systematic Review of Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions

Spatio-temporal human activity recognition (HAR) is an emerging field that uses spatial and temporal data to identify and classify human activities accurately. It has been effectively applied in areas like healthcare for monitoring daily activities, detecting anomalies, and aiding rehabilitation with real time feedback. However, there is a gap in research specifically focusing on integrating spatio temporal data with advanced machine and deep learning techniques for HAR based on sensor data. Existing reviews do not comprehensively cover spatio-temporal HAR based on sensor data, resulting in a lack of summaries on recent models, datasets, sensor technologies, applications, and machine/deep learning techniques used in this field. This systematic review provides a comprehendsive overview of spatio-temporal HAR based on sensor data, tracing its development from the origin of sensor-based spatio-temporal HAR field to the present. It highlights the main challenges in spatio- temporal HAR. The review also examines model trends over the years, including the distribution of models used in HAR and the identification of those frequently combined to form hybrid models. Additionally, it analyzes accuracy trends of the commonly used datasets and identifies the datasets that are widely used in spatio-temporal HAR research. Furthermore, various application domains and sensor technologies used in spatio-temporal HAR are identified.

groups
Asmaa Badran mail -
Ahmad Salah mail -
A. A. Soliman mail -
Dina A. Elmanakhly mail -
Ahmed Fathalla mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.160221

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 16 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

FPGA Implementation of High Performance Accurate and Approximate Signed and Unsigned Multipliers using Structure of LUT configurations

A recent study examined the applications of multiplication and division in video and image manipulation and there has been mention of machine learning. DSP blocks that function as high performance multipliers are given by FPGA providers. However routing lag time and inefficiencies, particularly for lower bit width multiplications, might emerge from the fixed placements and restricted number of these FPGA multipliers, raising power consumption. FPGA companies offer IP cores that are soft made especially for multiplication to solve this problem. Even if these IP cores have improved over time, they can yet be improved. This can be accomplished by creating low latency, accurate, and core multiplier topologies that maximize the space of FPGA and take advantage of its architectural characteristics, like rapid carry chains and look up table structures.  These architectures seek to improve overall efficiency by lowering the crucial path delay and multiplier resource consumption. Here a proposed method for building accurate and approximate signed and unsigned multipliers for an eight bit configuration is presented. This entails changing the LUT 6 architecture to use a one LUT 5 with multiplexers in place of a dual LUT 5 with multiplexers. Using Xilinx software, the design was built in Verilog HDL and synthesized. At the conclusion of the process, variables including area, delay and power were compared.

groups
Saravanan V. mail -
Elarmathi S. mail -
Rajalakshmi V. R. mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

An Efficient Detection of Copy-Move Forgery Using Phase Correlation

Creating images is one of the main focuses of digital image processing. There are multiple techniques to spot image fraud. This work proposes a new approach to detect attacks that mimic Copy-Move forgeries. The proposed method applies DWT on the input image to create a reduced dimensional representation of the image. After that, the compressed image is divided into overlapping blocks. After these blocks are sorted, phase correlation is utilized as a similarity criterion to find duplicate blocks. Due to DWT usage, the lowest-level picture representation is first employed for detection. This work also covers the examination of numerous limits that are imposed to the input image, and the results are used in the analysis that follows.

groups
L. Chitirap Paavai mail -
V. Vadivu mail -
L. Krishnan mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Joint PAPR and Spectrum Sensıng in CRNS: A VLSI-Based Approach for Secondary User Integration

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), Peak-to-Average-Power-Ratio (PAPR) reduction is crucial for mitigating distortion in signals while optimizing spectral efficiency. This work offers a novel strategy for effectively reducing that PAPR in CRN systems, especially when secondary users are incorporated, by utilizing VLSI (Very-Large-Scale Integration) design approaches. The proposed strategy investigates VLSI methods for PAPR reduction, such as Partial-Transmit-Sequence (PTS) techniques. The system is appropriate for CRN applications because it can accomplish real-time PAPR reduction while preserving low power consumption and compact size by implementing these approaches in VLSI hardware. This could entail particular strategies for controlling PAPR with secondary users, such as joint PAPR and spectrum sensing approaches, dynamic power allocation, or user scheduling algorithms. Utilizing the predetermined values of pilot tones, the suggested decoder investigates every possible combination of weighting variables to determine which combination the transmitter has chosen and employed. There appears to be no data rate loss with the proposed decoder since it does not require any more pilot tones. This study next gives a digital execution of the described PTS decoder and illustrates its low power qualities, as well as the design and the encoder required at the transmitter to operate the suggested system is being developed using VLSI. The suggested architecture makes it easier for SUs to integrate with CRNs seamlessly. It allows SUs to effectively take advantage of available spectrum opportunities while complying with CRN restrictions and reducing interference with primary users by tackling PAPR and spectrum sensing concurrently. Furthermore, the study discusses the difficulties of incorporating secondary users into CRNs while retaining PAPR management.

groups
P. Shanmuga Sundaram mail -
M. Vasanthi mail -
P. Sangeetha mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJWAC.090204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 9 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

HBIM's Role in the Conservation and Restoration of Archaeological Buildings: Case Study: Omar Al-Khyam Hotel in Damascus

Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) has emerged as a critical methodology for preserving cultural heritage by documenting the condition of building materials, assessing the extent and causes of damage, and managing restoration and maintenance activities. By integrating advanced technologies such as thematic mapping and 3D modeling, HBIM offers a comprehensive approach to analyzing and conserving historic structures. This research highlights the significance of HBIM in preserving the integrity and sustainability of heritage buildings, emphasizing its role in maintaining their historical and cultural value. The study focuses on the Omar al-Khiam Hotel in Damascus, an iconic historic building requiring urgent restoration. A detailed photographic survey was conducted using a mobile camera, with images processed through AGISOFT METASHAPE and enhanced using Photoshop. These data were used to create a precise 3D model in EDIFICIUS HBIM software, incorporating detailed assessments of material conditions, including corrosion, damage, leakage, and environmental pollution. Based on this analysis, a restoration and maintenance schedule was developed to guide the rehabilitation process and ensure effective project management. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of HBIM in providing a dynamic and collaborative platform for heritage conservation. The study underscores the need for integrating diverse data sources and engaging stakeholders in restoration efforts. While HBIM offers significant advantages, challenges such as data precision and software complexity were identified. Future research should focus on enhancing HBIM’s predictive capabilities for long-term material degradation and exploring its application across diverse heritage sites to refine conservation strategies further.

groups
Rasha Daoud mail -
Sonia Ahmad mail -
Khaled Alfahed mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJBES.110101

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 11 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new