Design and Optimization of Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Automation

Maha A.; Samir I.; Haider Makki; Riyadh Khlf; Marwa Falah

doi:https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180212

Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Multi-Variable Markov Framework for Predicting Battery Depletion in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) support intelligent data acquisition systems across environmental monitoring, industrial automation, and smart cities. As a fundamental enabler of the Internet of Things (IoT), WSNs rely heavily on battery-powered sensor nodes for sustained operation in dynamic and often remote environments. However, predicting battery lifetime in WSNs remains a critical challenge due to the complex interplay between environmental conditions and operational behaviors. Conventional energy models often fail to consider the simultaneous influence of temperature, humidity, and data traffic intensity on battery depletion rates. This study proposes a battery lifetime prediction model based on a Markov framework integrated with an exponential energy consumption function to address this issue. The model incorporates three primary variables—ambient temperature, relative humidity, and data movement to simulate energy usage dynamically. The framework calculates transition probabilities and energy load based on environmental states, enabling accurate forecasting. Additionally, the model evaluates the impact of different battery chemistries (Ni-MH, LiPo, Li-ion, and Alkaline) on lifespan performance across varying environmental scenarios. Simulation results reveal that temperature and humidity significantly influence energy depletion, while data transmission intensity plays a supporting role in high-traffic cases. LiPo and Li-ion batteries demonstrate superior performance and stability, especially under extreme environmental conditions. This study contributes a novel multi-variable model that bridges physical sensing environments with predictive battery analytics. The findings provide a foundation for strategic energy planning and adaptive deployment of WSNs in sustainability-critical applications.

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Deden Ardiansyah mail -

Moestafid mail -

Teddy Mantoro mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180206

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Exposing Image Tampering: A Deep Learning Approach to Copy-Move Forgery Detection for Secure Digital Image Forensics

Nowadays, with the proliferation of mobile devices and the internet around the world that are available for everyone, and due to the low prices versus their high capabilities, images are considered one of the most common ways of transmitting information between users, advancement of image processing and editing tools, simplified the process of editing and changing photographs such as in magazines, newspapers, scientific journals, and on social media or on the Internet. As a result, the propagation of manipulated photographs that misrepresent the truth is prevalent, whether deliberate or inadvertent. We propose a method that uses deep learning based convolutional neural network in order to detect instances of the copy-move forgeries in images which can  help to ensure data authenticity in digital forensic investigations. In this case, our method is intended to improve digital evidence integrity by detecting complicated changes quickly and precisely. This work can supports cybersecurity applications like anti-fraud systems, fake news detection, and social media forensics. The findings of the experiment demonstrate that the suggested approach is capable of detecting forgery against multiple copies and post-processing activities. The dataset's images used for both training and testing are MICC-F2000, composed of 2,000 images, 700 tamper and 1,300 originals. The findings indicate a testing accuracy of 98.00% and a training accuracy of 99.17%.

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Nadia Mahmood Ali mail -

Sameer Abdulsttar Lafta mail -

Amaal Ghazi Hamad Rafash mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180207

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

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International Journal of Neutrosophic Science | 2026

I_g^-Continues and I_g^-irresoluteness

In this paper, I_g^*- closed sets, and I_g^*- open are used to investigate and define a new class of functions is said to be I_g^*-Continues functions, I_g^*-irresolute functions in ideal topological space topological spaces. Morover, I introduce I_g^*- compact spaces and I_g^*-connected spaces, and maximal I_g^*-closed sets. I obtain their characterizations and study their basic properties.

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Wadei Faris AL-Omeri mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.270212

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 27 / Iss. Issue 2

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International Journal of Neutrosophic Science | 2026

Group Message Prioritization Using Circular Bipolar Complex Dual Valued Fuzzy Linguistic Sets and Frank Aggregation Operators

This paper introduces a novel extension of the multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method based on circular bipolar complex dual valued fuzzy uncertain linguistic sets (CBCDVFULSs) using Frank power aggregation operators. In order to effectively integrate aspects of fuzzy set theory, bipolarity, complex-valued, and uncertain linguistic information, this paper presents a novel framework based on CBCD- VFULSs. Frank power aggregation operators is used specifically for CBCDVFULSs in order to handle and aggregate such complex data. These operators maintain the circular and bipolar properties of the fuzzy linguistic data by utilizing the adaptability of Frank t-norms pFT N q and t-conorms pFT CN q. In contrast to current approaches, the suggested method’s superior handling of complex uncertain linguistic environments, flexibility, and applicability are demonstrated through a numerical example. A group message prioritization system for WhatsApp that involve deciding on the priority under complex, uncertain, and bipolar linguistic evaluations is used to demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested approach.

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M. Kaviyarasu mail -

J. Angel mail -

Prasanta Kumar Raut mail -

Mana Donganont mail -

Said Broumi mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.270213

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 27 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of Neutrosophic and Fuzzy Systems | 2025

Neutrosophic Boundary and Neutrosophic Semi-boundary on Fuzzy Setting

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of fuzzy neutrosophic boundary and fuzzy neutrosophic semi-boundary of a fuzzy neutrosophic topological space. Some characterization are discussed. Several examples and properties are obtained.The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of fuzzy neutrosophic boundary and fuzzy neutrosophic semi-boundary of a fuzzy neutrosophic topological space. Some characterization are dis- cussed.Several examples and properties are obtained.

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E. Poongothai mail -

E. Kalaivani mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JNFS.100103

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 10 / Iss. Issue 1

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Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Criminal Activity Classification in Surveillance Videos Using Deep Learning Models

Detecting and identifying crimes in real time represents a very necessary aspect of public safety. Traditional systems are human based monitoring cameras, video surveillance systems are ineffective, time consuming and prone to mistakes. Automated solutions are much needed. Using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to efficiently examine surveillance video footage is the main goal. This work presents a crime detection system based on deep learning. the study utilize UCF Crime dataset and four deep learning models: ResNet50, EfficientNetB2, Xception, and custom (CNN) were up-graded, trained, and tested. To guarantee best model performance, the suggested approaches required careful dataset preparation, pre-processing, and strategic data separation. By means of fine-tuning, each model addressed the constraints of conventional techniques and enhanced feature extraction and classification accuracy. With extraordinary performance measures of (99.53%) accuracy, (99.07%) precision, (98.43%) recall, and a (98.69%) F1 score, experimental findings show the superiority of the suggested system. These findings reveal the system’s high dependability in detecting and classifying criminal events, thereby far surpassing other CNN-based approaches. The model runs at an average inference speed of (30 ms per frame on CPU), with a lightweight model size of around (20 MB), These results demonstrate the system’s scalability, efficiency, and strong potential for intelligent surveillance applications. This study shows how scalable and effective deep learning models transform crime detection in surveillance systems to support public safety.

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Raed Majeed mail -

Hiyam Hatem mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180208

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Fault Monitoring in Transmission Lines Using Modular Neural Networks in Simulated Smart Grids

The transmission of energy is one of the main tasks of Electrical Engineering. Transmission lines are used for this purpose, which are susceptible to various problems such as short-circuit, overload, open circuit, and complex faults. From the perspective of smart grids, one of the open challenges is to have autonomous systems that allow the detection, classification, and location of faults in transmission lines. On the other hand, Artificial Neural Networks are computational tools used in classification and control tasks to be applied to different plants and systems. There are several ways to solve problems using ANNs; one is modularity. This strategy consists of dividing the problem into components that are easier to classify. In this way, a modular system is proposed that is composed of three ANNs: One for detection, one for classification, and one more for the location of faults in transmission lines. A simulation model of a three-phase electrical power system was built using Simulink MATLAB, employing a data transmission approach typical of smart grids. Supervised learning and WEKA software were used for network training. Databases were created using the potential difference and line current, as well as the ground fault impedance. The database was developed through cases and mathematical models, and the performance of the networks was evaluated in the simulated model. The results show that the proposed model allows the identification of all cases presented in the test stage (100%), which is a better performance than a single neural network (81.25%) that is responsible for detecting, classifying, and locating faults.

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Sánchez-Juárez J. R. mail -

Aldana-Franco R. mail -

Leyva-Retureta, J. G. mail -

Álvarez-.Sánchez E. J. mail -

López-Velázquez A. mail -

Aldana-Franco F. mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180209

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Features Extraction Improvement for Facial Expression Recognition Using HOG and Machine Learning Techniques

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a vital aspect of human-computer interaction with applications in healthcare, education security, and affective computing. Even with the success of deep learning, generalizability, interpretability, and efficiency of most systems, especially in uncontrolled settings, are still problematic. In this study, we propose an enhanced feature extraction technique based on Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) where the central difference operator, not the conventional forward difference, used for gradient estimation. The modification enhances the accuracy of gradients, reduces truncation error, and leads to more stable facial feature descriptors. The enhanced HOG is tested on five popular datasets, CK+, JAFFE, MMI, ExpW, and AffectNet, using three traditional Machine Learning (ML) classifiers: Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). Experimental results indicate uniform accuracy enhancements across all the classifiers and datasets, with improvements spiking to 7%–10% and recall and F1-score also witnessing marked increases. In this study, RF registered the maximum accuracy, 97.94%, on CK+ and 95.48% on AffectNet, hence solidifying its stability and dependability. This study shows how well mathematical optimization works with classical ML for FER. The approach we suggest provides an easy-to-understand, small, and quick alternative to deep models, making it perfect for real-time and resource-limited applications.

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Dhiaa M. Abed mail -

Awab Qasim Karamanj mail -

Thura J. Mohammed mail -

Saja B. Attallah mail -

Abusnina M. Mukhtar mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180210

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

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Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

A Hybrid Deep Learning and Fuzzy Logic Framework for PM10 Concentration Forecasting in Istanbul

Air pollution, especially&ensp;atmospheric particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters smaller than 10 micrometers (PM10), is one of the constant and serious environmental challenges in urban areas. Its consequences range from negative human health&ensp;effects to broader ecological disruptions. With the increasing necessity of accurate and trustworthy forecasting devices in the sphere of air quality assessment, we propose a new hybrid-modeling platform that merges the sequential&ensp;pattern recognition ability of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks with fuzzy logic reasoning. The two approaches implemented in this model complement each other: while approaches taking into account the time dependence of the behavior of air pollutants&ensp;address the complex temporal dynamics present in the problem, methods based on uncertainty propagate inherent uncertainties in the meteorological and environmental data. The model was trained using a well-structured, multi-variable dataset of hourly air quality and meteorological observations for five years (2019–2023) measured in&ensp;Istanbul and further tested of January 2024 data. The hybrid approach outperformed all tested environments in prediction output, reaching an accuracy of 98% at the Aksaray traffic&ensp;station, whereas standalone LSTM (97%) and fuzzy logic (94%) models performed lower. Importantly, it identified minute periodicity and pollution peaks with high fidelity and demonstrated robustness&ensp;across diverse settings such as traffic-dense, industrial, rural and urban zones. These results place&ensp;the hybrid LSTM–Fuzzy Logic model as a trusted and robust forecasting tool for predicting PM10 concentrations, providing valuable assistance to environmental policy-makers, urban planners, and public health authorities in efforts to reduce air pollution and protect the health of the population.

groups

Rusul Al-bayati mail -

Ülkü Alver Şahin mail -

Hüseyin Toros mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180211

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things | 2026

Design and Optimization of Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks for Industrial Automation

To enhance the efficiency of edge-integrated Industrial IoT (IIoT) networks, this paper proposes a deep learning-based resource-scheduling framework for optimized asset booking in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The novelty of this work lies in the integration of a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, which enables intelligent allocation of computational resources based on real-time asset demand characteristics. The proposed model is evaluated using the Intel Berkeley WSN dataset and demonstrates superior performance in terms of latency reduction, execution time, and resource utilization compared to conventional approaches such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional Recurrent Neural Network (BRNN). With a maximum efficiency of 99.48% and the lowest observed average delay, the model proves effective for real-time industrial automation scenarios. This research contributes to the development of scalable, energy-efficient, and responsive WSN architectures by leveraging deep learning for asset booking in edge-IoT environments.

groups

Maha A. Hutaihit mail -

Samir I. Badrawi mail -

Haider Makki Alzaki mail -

Riyadh Khlf Ahmed mail -

Marwa Falah Hasan mail

link https://doi.org/10.54216/JISIoT.180212

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 18 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new