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The Interplay Between Missing Data and Out-of-Order Measurements using Data Fusion in Wireless Sensor Networks

Multi-data transmission is the most important processing of target detection with a reduction in delay in the transmission of the data. This may occur in certain technological circumstances, and it happens significantly often in wireless sensor networks—processing such data to keep track of and make predictions about targets of interest might result in errors due to the inherent nature of the data. The Kalman filter and other algorithms with equivalent functionality are most useful for their principal application, estimating the states of dynamic systems. This difficulty of modeling and filtering such delayed states and missing data is dealt with synergistically throughout this proposed work. This is done to ensure that the best possible results are obtained. Filtering methods similar to the optimal Kalman filter are most utilized in fusing measurement data at different levels. This relatively creative technique includes filtering delayed states while also using observations that have been randomly excluded, then putting those screened delayed states and words to use in a process that involves fusing data. One of these applications is the fusion of images. To successful the task of performance evaluation for the integrated plan, the use of numerical simulations is essential. The state delay, as well as the data that is absent at random, are both included in four distinct alternative algorithms. These algorithms are then investigated, and the results are given in this paper. Referring to the gain fusion, the H-infinity a posteriori filter, the H-infinity risk sensitive filter, and the H-infinity risk sensitive filter. To accommodate a scenario that involves MATLAB and the integration of sensor data, global filtering approaches are being updated and evaluated with the use of numerical simulations that are being carried out. In addition, we provide a nonlinear observer based on the gain of the continuous time data fusion filter. Using the Lyapunov energy function, we can conclude on asymptotic convergence in the system.  These observers are presented after the previous step. Therefore, the filtering algorithms and the observers described in the current proposed work make a definite step towards improvement for controlling state delays and randomly missing data synergistically for wireless sensor networks.

groups
Piyush K. Shukla mail -
Ozen Ozer mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.010202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Multimodal Image Fusion in Biometric Authentication

During this study, a unique multimodal biometric system was constructed. This system incorporated a variety of unimodal biometric inputs, including fingerprints, palmprints, knuckle prints, and retina images. The multimodal system generated the fused template via feature-level fusion, which combined several different biometric characteristics. The Gabor filter extracted the features from the various biometric aspects. The fusion of the extracted information from the fingerprint, knuckle print, palmprint, and retina into a single template, which was then saved in the database for authentication, resulted in a reduction in both the spatial and temporal complexity of the process. A novel technique for safeguarding fingerprint privacy has been developed to contribute to the study. This system integrates the unique fingerprints of the thumb, index finger, and middle finger into a single new template. It was suggested that the Fixed-Size Template (FEFST) technique may be used might develop a novel strategy for the extraction of fingerprint features. From each of the fingerprints, the minute locations of the ridge end and ridge bifurcations as well as their orientations relative to the reference points were retrieved. The primary template was derived from the fingerprint that included the greatest number of ridge ends. For the purpose of generating the combined minutiae template, the templates of the other two fingerprints were incorporated into this template. The merged minutiae template that was developed was then saved in a database so that registration could take place. During the authentication process, the system received the three query fingerprints, and those fingerprints were compared to the previously saved template.

groups
Uma Maheshwari mail -
Kalpanaka Silingam mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.010203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Next-Gen Urban Management: Automated Crowd Density Recognition using Rough Neutrosophic Sets for Smart Cities

Neutrosophic set (NS) and Neutrosophic logic (NL) play a major part in approximation theory. They are generalizations of intuitionistic fuzzy sets and logic correspondingly. Rough NS (RNS) combines the concepts of RS and NL to deal with vagueness, uncertainty, and imprecision in information. By integrating truth, indeterminacy, and false degrees, RNS provides a more solid basis for analyzing and classifying complicated data. Particularly, this makes it powerful in applications where incompleteness and ambiguity of data are ubiquitous. Smart cities are a current trend to contain information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the progression of great urban cities. It would be beneficial in defining the city's movement by monitoring the regular flow of traffic jams and visitors. One important characteristic of smart cities is Crowd management, which assists in safety and enjoyable experiences for the residents and visitors. Since the crowd density (CD) classification method encounters tasks including inter-scene, non-uniform density, and intra-scene deviations, occlusion and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) approaches were beneficial. This work focuses on the design of Automated Crowd Density Recognition using the Rough Neutrosophic Set for Smart Cities (ACDR-RNSSC) method in urban management. The presented ACDR-RNSSC method focuses on identifying various types of crowd densities in smart cities. Firstly, the ACDR-RNSSC method utilizes the ResNet50 method for feature extraction. Second, the classification is done using RNS. RNS is utilized for its ability to manage the vagueness and uncertainty in crowd density statistics. Lastly, the parameter is fine-tuned using the Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA). This ensures that the model attains high robustness and accuracy in forecasting crowd density. The empirical analysis of the ACDR-RNSSC method is examined under benchmark crowd dataset and the outcomes are tested using various metrics. This study states the improvement of the ACDR-RNSSC method over existing techniques.

groups
Eaman Alharbi mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.250210

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 25 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

Pixel Level Image Fusion in Moving objection Detection and Tracking with Machine Learning

It is not feasible for a single image sensor to convey all of the information essential to comprehend a circumstance thoroughly. The output of many image sensors combined in one place would supply more accurate or comprehensive information on the topic at hand. In recent years, multi-sensor fusion has emerged in the academic world as an emerging topic that has the potential to produce beneficial results. This is because it can aggregate the data from several different sensors. One of the primary objectives is to devise various methods for combining kinematic and visual data to track a moving object. These methods should allow us to achieve this aim. This article looks into the intricacies of various techniques to evaluate the current condition of a target and explores the outcomes of those approaches. These sorts of methods include, for instance, the Kalman filter and its expanded version, the extended Kalman filter. The study of the proposed work is to demonstrate the specifics of the development of an interacting multiple-model Kalman filter to monitor the performance of the moving target in response to a wide variety of tuning parameters. The proposed technique includes the Principal Component Analysis and spatial frequency to integrate the hazy images that were all shot with the same sensor modalities. This action was taken to achieve the aimed-for outcome. The effectiveness of the fusion is evaluated based on the results of several distinct metrics.

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Piyush K. Pareek mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/FPA.020105

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 2 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

Multi-Criteria Data Analysis with Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Sets to Decrease Plastic Pollution rivers

Whether for human consumption, agricultural production, or industrial processes, groundwater, and rivers, in particular, are crucial. The river is a major water source; therefore, we must do all we can to keep it clean. Inconsistencies in data, algorithms and expert judgments have contributed to the growing recognition of ambiguity analysis' significance. However, it is not common practice to include vulnerability assessment in MCA based Interval-Valued Neutrosophic Sets (IVNSs). To better understand what causes MCA uncertainty, this research examines the factors that contribute to it. Probabilistic techniques, indicator-based methods, and neutrosophic logic are examined as examples of broad approaches to analysis methods in MCA. The practicality, financial and ecological consequences, unexpected social and environmental implications, possible scale of change, and confirmation of the impact of plastic reduction strategies were investigated using an MCA technique.

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C. B. Aurelia Maria mail -
I. Q. Janneth Ximena mail -
P. P. Alex Javier mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/IJNS.190136

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 19 / Iss. Issue 1

Details open_in_new

A Short Contribution to the Extension of the Group C(n)

In this work, we study the extension problem of a group with type C(n)=∑_(i∈I) C_P^∞  by using a cyclic group of order p. Also, we prove the following two results: 1-) The group C(n)  has only one extension which is compatible with R_3. 2-) The group C(n) has two extensions which are compatible with R_2.

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Maretta Sarkis mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/GJMSA.010202

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

On Some Results about Finite Non Simple Groups

This paper is dedicated to study some properties of finite groups, where we present the following results: 1) If all centralizers of a group G are cyclic, then G is not simple. 2) If the center of the subgroup A is not trivial and B is cyclic, then G=AB is not simple. On the other hand, we define the m-solvable groups, and we examine some of their elementary properties.

groups
A. Alrida Basheer mail -
Oliver V. Shtawzen mail -
Maretta Sarkis mail -
Rozina Ali mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/GJMSA.010203

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

A Study of Some Neutrosophic Differential Equations as a Direct Application of One-Dimensional Geometric AH-Isometry

In this paper, we use the one dimensional AH-isometry to find the structure of the solutions of many neutrosophic differential equations. These equations will be handled by the algebraic direct image of the neutrosophic AH-isometry taken in one dimension.

groups
Ahmed A. Salama mail -
Malath F Alaswad mail -
Rasha Dallah mail -
Rozina Ali mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/GJMSA.010204

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new

A Study of Neutrosophic Bernoulli's and Recati Differential Equations

In this paper, we study the neutrosophic Bernouli and Ricatti differential equations by using one dimensional AH-isometry. Also, we illustrate many examples to clarify the validity of our work.

groups
Ahmed A. Salama mail -
Malath F Alaswad mail -
Rasha Dallah mail -
Rozina Ali mail
link https://doi.org/10.54216/GJMSA.010205

Volume & Issue

Vol. Volume 1 / Iss. Issue 2

Details open_in_new